Cryz/arduino_pong
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total reframe with classes

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This commit is contained in:
andrea
2026-03-17 23:25:30 +01:00
parent d8efabd6da
commit 3d8881ab3d
14 changed files with 246 additions and 319 deletions
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62
arduino_pong.ino
View File

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
#include "src/config.h"
#include "src/pong_render.h"
#include "src/pong_player.h"
#include "src/pong_ball.h"
#include "src/paddle.h"
#include "src/ball.h"
#include "src/engine.h"
// create LED matrix object
ArduinoLEDMatrix matrix;
@@ -20,18 +22,8 @@ byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH] = {
{ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};
// players coordinates
int players_coords[2]= {1, 4};
int players_scores[2]= {0, 0};
// initials balls coordinates
int ball_x= BALL_RESET_X;
int ball_y= BALL_RESET_Y;
int need_refresh= true;
int ball_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
uint8_t ball_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
long exec_t2= millis();
enum game_statuses : uint8_t {
@@ -43,6 +35,10 @@ enum game_statuses : uint8_t {
};
game_statuses game_status= TIMER;
Ball ball(4, 6);
Paddle p1(1);
Paddle p2(4);
Engine engine(p1, p2, ball);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
@@ -61,6 +57,7 @@ void loop() {
long exec_t1= millis();
switch (game_status) {
case TIMER:
for (int i = START_TIMER; i >= 0; i--) {
render_timer(frame, i);
@@ -73,38 +70,52 @@ void loop() {
break;
case RUN:
pong_move_p1(players_coords[0], need_refresh);
pong_move_p2(players_coords[1], need_refresh);
if (exec_t1 - exec_t2 > ball_delay) {
if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW) {
p1.move_pad_up();
need_refresh= true;
bool scored= move_ball(ball_x, ball_y, ball_delay, players_coords, players_scores);
if (scored) {
}
else if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
p1.move_pad_down();
need_refresh= true;
}
if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW) {
p2.move_pad_up();
need_refresh= true;
}
else if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
p2.move_pad_down();
need_refresh= true;
}
if (exec_t1 - exec_t2 > ball_delay) {
engine.run(ball_delay);
need_refresh= true;
if (engine.get_event() == P1SCORE || engine.get_event() == P2SCORE) {
game_status= SCORE;
// delay the ball movement after score
exec_t2= millis() + FIRST_START_BALL_DELAY;
exec_t2= millis() + FIRST_START_BALL_DELAY + 1000;
} else exec_t2= exec_t1;
}
// rerender matrix only if something is changed
if (need_refresh) {
render_matrix(frame, players_coords, ball_x, ball_y);
render_matrix(frame, p1, p2, ball);
matrix.renderBitmap(frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
need_refresh= 0;
need_refresh= false;
}
delay(50);
break;
case SCORE:
render_score(frame, players_scores);
render_score(frame, p1, p2);
matrix.renderBitmap(frame, MATRIX_HEIGHT, MATRIX_WIDTH);
delay(1000);
if (players_scores[0] >= MAX_POINTS || players_scores[1] >= MAX_POINTS) {
if (p1.get_score() >= MAX_POINTS || p2.get_score() >= MAX_POINTS) {
game_status= GAMEOVER;
}
else game_status= RUN;
break;
case GAMEOVER:
render_winner(frame, matrix, players_scores);
render_winner(frame, matrix, p1, p2);
game_status= WAIT;
break;
@@ -113,8 +124,7 @@ void loop() {
// restart game once one button is pressed
if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW || digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW || digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW) {
game_status= TIMER;
players_scores[0]= 0;
players_scores[1]= 0;
engine.reset();
}
delay(100);
break;

49
src/ball.cpp
View File

@@ -1,51 +1,46 @@
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "config.h"
#include "ball.h"
class Ball {
private:
uint8_t _x, _y;
int8_t _direction_x, _direction_y;
void _init_directions(int8_t &_direction) {
void Ball::_init_directions(int8_t &_direction) {
if (random(2) == 0) _direction= 1;
else _direction= -1;
}
}
public:
void Ball::move() {
if (!_direction_x) this -> _init_directions(_direction_x);
if (!_direction_y) this -> _init_directions(_direction_y);
void move() {
if (!_direction_x) _init_directions(_direction_x);
if (!_direction_y) _init_directions(_direction_y);
// if (_x < 0 || _x > MATRIX_WIDTH-1 || _y < 0 || _y > MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
// this -> reset_position();
// }
if (_x + _direction_x >= 0 && _x + _direction_x < MATRIX_WIDTH)
_x+= _direction_x;
if (_y + _direction_y >= 0 && _y + _direction_y < MATRIX_HEIGHT)
_y+= _direction_y;
}
}
void bounce_on_pad() {
void Ball::bounce_on_pad() {
_direction_x *= -1;
}
}
void bounce_on_sides() {
void Ball::bounce_on_sides() {
_direction_y *= -1;
}
}
void reset_position () {
void Ball::reset_position () {
_x= BALL_RESET_X;
_y= BALL_RESET_Y;
_init_directions(_direction_x);
_init_directions(_direction_y);
}
this -> _init_directions(_direction_x);
this -> _init_directions(_direction_y);
}
uint8_t get_x() {
uint8_t Ball::get_x() {
return _x;
}
}
uint8_t get_y() {
uint8_t Ball::get_y() {
return _y;
}
};
}

8
src/ball.h
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#ifndef PLAYER_H
#define PLAYER_H
#ifndef BALL_H
#define BALL_H
#include <stdint.h>
#include "config.h"
@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@ class Ball {
uint8_t _x, _y;
int8_t _direction_x, _direction_y;
void _init_directions(int8_t &_direction);
public:
Ball (uint8_t _x, uint8_t _y) : _x(_x), _y(_y) {}
void move();
void bounce_on_pad();
void bounce_on_sides();

2
src/config.h
View File

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
#define MATRIX_HEIGHT 8
#define BALL_RESET_X (MATRIX_WIDTH / 2)
#define BALL_RESET_Y (MATRIX_HEIGHT / 2)
#define BAR_LENGTH 3
#define PADDLE_LENGTH 3
#define INITIAL_BALL_DELAY 200
#define MAX_POINTS 9

85
src/engine.cpp
View File

@@ -2,68 +2,87 @@
#include "ball.h"
#include "paddle.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "engine.h"
class Engine {
private:
Paddle& _p1;
Paddle& _p2;
Ball& _ball;
uint8_t _p1_score, _p2_score;
uint8_t _hits;
bool _check_pad_ball_collision(Paddle &p1, Ball &ball) {
return false;
bool Engine::_check_pad_ball_collision(Paddle &p) {
uint8_t ppos= p.get_position();
for (int p= ppos; p < ppos + PADDLE_LENGTH; p++) {
if (_ball.get_y() == p) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void point_scored(Ball &ball) {
ball.reset_position();
void Engine::_print_score() {
Serial.print("P1: ");
Serial.print(_p1_score);
Serial.print(_p1.get_score());
Serial.print(" - ");
Serial.print("P2: ");
Serial.print(_p2_score);
Serial.print(_p2.get_score());
Serial.println();
}
_hits= 0;
// ball_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
}
public:
// inizialize Engine constructor, linking all args with private args
Engine(Paddle &p_one, Paddle &p_two, Ball &ball): _p1(p_one), _p2(p_two), _ball(ball) {}
void run(uint8_t &ball_delay) {
void Engine::run(uint8_t &ball_delay) {
_event= NONE;
_ball.move();
uint8_t bx= _ball.get_x();
uint8_t by= _ball.get_y();
if (bx == 0) {
if (!_check_pad_ball_collision(_p1, _ball)) {
if (!this -> _check_pad_ball_collision(_p1)) {
// p2 scores
_p2_score +=1;
_p2.increase_score();
_ball.reset_position();
ball_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
Serial.println("Player 2 Scores");
this -> _print_score();
_event= P2SCORE;
return;
}
else {
_hits += 1;
_ball.bounce_on_pad();
_event= P2_COLLISION;
}
}
else if (bx >= MATRIX_WIDTH-1) {
if (!_check_pad_ball_collision(_p2, _ball)) {
if (!this -> _check_pad_ball_collision(_p2)) {
// p1 scores
_p1_score += 1;
_p1.increase_score();
_ball.reset_position();
ball_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
Serial.println("Player 1 Scores");
this -> _print_score();
_event= P1SCORE;
return;
}
else {
_hits += 1;
_ball.bounce_on_pad();
_event= P1_COLLISION;
}
}
if (by == 0 || by == MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) _ball.bounce_on_sides();
if (by == 0 || by == MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
_ball.bounce_on_sides();
_event= WALL_COLLISION;
}
// increase ball speed every 6 hits on pads
// if ball is not at max speed
if (_hits >= 6 && ball_delay >= 80) {
// increase ball speed
_hits= 0;
ball_delay-= 20;
}
}
};
}
EngineEvents Engine::get_event() {
return _event;
}
void Engine::reset() {
_p1.reset();
_p2.reset();
_ball.reset_position();
}

33
src/engine.h Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
#ifndef ENGINE_H
#define ENGINE_H
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "ball.h"
#include "paddle.h"
#include "config.h"
enum EngineEvents : uint8_t {NONE, P1SCORE, P2SCORE, P1_COLLISION, P2_COLLISION, WALL_COLLISION};
class Engine {
private:
Paddle& _p1;
Paddle& _p2;
Ball& _ball;
uint8_t _hits;
EngineEvents _event= NONE;
bool _check_pad_ball_collision(Paddle &p);
void _print_score();
public:
// inizialize Engine constructor, linking all args with private args
Engine(Paddle &p_one, Paddle &p_two, Ball &ball)
: _p1(p_one), _p2(p_two), _ball(ball) {}
void run(uint8_t &ball_delay);
EngineEvents get_event();
void reset();
};
#endif

44
src/paddle.cpp
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@@ -1,32 +1,34 @@
#include <stdint.h>
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "config.h"
#include "paddle.h"
class Paddle {
private:
// define player coordinates
uint8_t _position, _height;
bool _human;
public:
void move_pad_up(bool &need_refresh) {
void Paddle::move_pad_up() {
if (_position > 0) {
_position -= 1;
need_refresh= true;
}
}
void move_pad_down(bool &need_refresh) {
if (_position + _height <= MATRIX_HEIGHT) {
}
void Paddle::move_pad_down() {
if (_position + _height < MATRIX_HEIGHT) {
_position += 1;
need_refresh= true;
}
}
}
uint8_t get_position() {
uint8_t Paddle::get_position() {
return _position;
}
}
bool is_human() {
bool Paddle::is_human() {
return _human;
}
};
}
void Paddle::increase_score() {
if (_score <= 9) _score += 1;
}
uint8_t Paddle::get_score() {
return _score;
}
void Paddle::reset() {
_score= 0;
}

16
src/paddle.h
View File

@@ -1,21 +1,27 @@
#ifndef PADDLE_H
#define PADDLE_H
#include <stdint.h>
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "config.h"
class Paddle {
private:
// define player coordinates
uint8_t position, height;
bool human;
uint8_t _position;
uint8_t _height= PADDLE_LENGTH;
uint8_t _score= 0;
bool _human= true;
public:
void move_pad_up(bool &need_refresh);
void move_pad_down(bool &need_refresh);
Paddle (uint8_t _position) : _position(_position) {}
void move_pad_up();
void move_pad_down();
uint8_t get_position();
bool is_human();
void increase_score();
uint8_t get_score();
void reset();
};
#endif

97
src/pong_ball.cpp
View File

@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "config.h"
#include "pong_player.h"
// used to increase speed when game is too easy
int hits= 0;
// initially ball has no movements
// once game/round starts, balls gets random x and y movements
int ball_move_x= 0;
int ball_move_y= 0;
void random_ball_movement(int &ball_move_x, int &ball_move_y) {
if (random(2) == 0) ball_move_x= 1;
else ball_move_x= -1;
if (random(2) == 0) ball_move_y= 1;
else ball_move_y= -1;
}
void point_scored(int &ball_x, int &ball_y, int &ball_delay, int players_scores[2], int &ball_move_x, int &ball_move_y) {
ball_x= BALL_RESET_X;
ball_y= BALL_RESET_Y;
random_ball_movement(ball_move_x, ball_move_y);
Serial.print("P1: ");
Serial.print(players_scores[0]);
Serial.print(" - ");
Serial.print("P2: ");
Serial.print(players_scores[1]);
Serial.println();
hits= 0;
ball_delay= INITIAL_BALL_DELAY;
}
bool move_ball(int &ball_x, int &ball_y, int &ball_delay, int players_coords[2], int players_scores[2]) {
if (ball_x < 0 || ball_x > MATRIX_WIDTH-1 || ball_y < 0 || ball_y > MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
// ball out of matrix limits
ball_x= BALL_RESET_X;
ball_y= BALL_RESET_Y;
return false;
}
bool scored= false;
// if ball is not moving, get random direction
// this is the initial position
if (ball_move_x == 0 || ball_move_y == 0) {
// extract random number between 0 or 1 to select the directions
random_ball_movement(ball_move_x, ball_move_y);
}
else if (ball_x == 0) {
// if p1 collision: reverse x, go left
if (!ball_player_collision(players_coords[0], ball_y)) {
// else p2 score, reset board
players_scores[1] += 1;
scored= true;
Serial.println("Player 2 Scores");
point_scored(ball_x, ball_y, ball_delay, players_scores, ball_move_x, ball_move_y);
return true;
}
else {
hits += 1;
ball_move_x= ball_move_x * -1;
}
}
else if (ball_x == MATRIX_WIDTH-1) {
if (!ball_player_collision(players_coords[1], ball_y)) {
// else p1 score, reset board
players_scores[0] += 1;
scored= true;
Serial.println("Player 1 Scores");
point_scored(ball_x, ball_y, ball_delay, players_scores, ball_move_x, ball_move_y);
return true;
}
else {
hits += 1;
ball_move_x= ball_move_x * -1;
}
}
if (ball_y == 0 || ball_y == MATRIX_HEIGHT-1) {
// reverse y, go down
ball_move_y= ball_move_y * -1;
}
if (hits >= 6 && ball_delay >= 80) {
// increase ball speed
hits= 0;
ball_delay-= 20;
}
ball_x+= ball_move_x;
ball_y+= ball_move_y;
return scored;
}

6
src/pong_ball.h
View File

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
#ifndef PONG_BALL_H
#define PONG_BALL_H
bool move_ball(int &ball_x, int &ball_y, int &loop_delay, int players_coords[2], int players_scores[2]);
void foo();
#endif

33
src/pong_player.cpp
View File

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "config.h"
int ball_player_collision(int player, int ball_y) {
for (int p= player; p < player + BAR_LENGTH; p++) {
if (ball_y == p) {
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
int pong_move_p1(int &p1_start, int &need_refresh) {
if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_UP) == LOW && p1_start > 0) {
p1_start -= 1;
need_refresh= true;
}
else if (digitalRead(P1_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW && p1_start < 5) {
p1_start += 1;
need_refresh= true;
}
}
int pong_move_p2(int &p2_start, int &need_refresh) {
if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_UP) == LOW && p2_start > 0) {
p2_start -= 1;
need_refresh= true;
}
else if (digitalRead(P2_BTN_BOTTOM) == LOW && p2_start < 5) {
p2_start += 1;
need_refresh= true;
}
}

8
src/pong_player.h
View File

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
#ifndef PONG_PLAYER_H
#define PONG_PLAYER_H
int ball_player_collision(int player, int ball_y);
int pong_move_p1(int &p1_start, int &need_refresh);
int pong_move_p2(int &p2_start, int &need_refresh);
#endif

30
src/pong_render.cpp
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "paddle.h"
#include "ball.h"
#include "font.h"
void clear_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH]) {
@@ -11,28 +13,26 @@ void clear_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH]) {
}
}
void render_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int players_coords[2], int ball_x, int ball_y) {
void render_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], Paddle &p1, Paddle &p2, Ball &ball) {
clear_matrix(frame);
int player_one= players_coords[0];
int player_two= players_coords[1];
uint8_t p1pos= p1.get_position();
uint8_t p2pos= p2.get_position();
// players coords
for (int i= player_one; i < player_one+BAR_LENGTH; i++) {
for (int i= p1pos; i < p1pos+PADDLE_LENGTH; i++) {
frame[i][0]= 1;
}
for (int i= player_two; i < player_two+BAR_LENGTH; i++) {
for (int i= p2pos; i < p2pos+PADDLE_LENGTH; i++) {
frame[i][MATRIX_WIDTH-1]= 1;
}
// ball coords
frame[ball_y][ball_x]= 1;
uint8_t bx= ball.get_x();
uint8_t by= ball.get_y();
frame[by][bx]= 1;
}
void render_score(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int players_scores[2]) {
void render_score(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], Paddle &p1, Paddle &p2) {
clear_matrix(frame);
int player_one= players_scores[0];
int player_two= players_scores[1];
if (player_one > 9) player_one = 9;
if (player_two > 9) player_two = 9;
// player score separator (-)
frame[4][5]= 1;
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ void render_score(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int players_scores[2]
for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
frame[h][w+1]= font_pong[player_one][h][w];
frame[h][w+1]= font_pong[p1.get_score()][h][w];
}
}
for (int h=0; h < 8; h++) {
for (int w=0; w < 3; w++) {
frame[h][w+8]= font_pong[player_two][h][w];
frame[h][w+8]= font_pong[p2.get_score()][h][w];
}
}
}
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ void render_timer(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int seconds) {
}
}
void render_winner(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], ArduinoLEDMatrix &matrix, int players_scores[2]) {
void render_winner(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], ArduinoLEDMatrix &matrix, Paddle &p1, Paddle &p2) {
clear_matrix(frame);
// check winner
if (players_scores[0] > players_scores[1]) {
if (p1.get_score() > p2.get_score()) {
Serial.println("Player 1 wins!!!");
matrix.loadSequence(pone_wins);
}

8
src/pong_render.h
View File

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "paddle.h"
#include "ball.h"
void render_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int players_coords[2], int ball_x, int ball_y);
void render_score(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int players_scores[2]);
void render_matrix(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], Paddle &p1, Paddle &p2, Ball &ball);
void render_score(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], Paddle &p1, Paddle &p2);
void render_timer(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], int seconds);
void render_winner(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], ArduinoLEDMatrix &matrix, int players_scores[2]);
void render_winner(byte frame[MATRIX_HEIGHT][MATRIX_WIDTH], ArduinoLEDMatrix &matrix, Paddle &p1, Paddle &p2);
#endif